THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON PUBLIC HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Urbanization has dramatically reshaped global landscapes, contributing to accelerated economic growth, social transformations, and urban expansion. However, the rapid growth of cities has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on public health. This systematic review examines the direct and indirect consequences of urbanization on public health, focusing on environmental, social, and health service-related factors. We assessed 30 studies published between 2000 and 2024, encompassing both developed and developing regions. The findings indicate a complex relationship between urbanization and public health, characterized by both positive and negative health outcomes. While urbanization has led to improved access to healthcare, better sanitation, and economic opportunities, it has also exacerbated issues such as air pollution, inadequate mental health services, sedentary lifestyles, and the spread of infectious diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of urbanization's impact on public health, offering key recommendations for policymakers to mitigate the negative effects while enhancing the health benefits of urban living.