Health Insurance and Equity: Analyzing the Impact of Universal Health Coverage Programs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71465/bhsr53Keywords:
Universal Health Coverage, Health Insurance, Equity, Financial Protection, Healthcare Access, Public Health Policy, Health Systems, Socioeconomic DisparitiesAbstract
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has emerged as a critical policy instrument aimed at improving healthcare equity, financial protection, and access to essential services. This paper examines the role of health insurance within UHC programs in reducing disparities across socioeconomic groups. By analyzing global case studies alongside experiences from low- and middle-income countries, the article highlights both achievements and persistent challenges in achieving equitable healthcare distribution. The findings suggest that while UHC programs can reduce catastrophic health expenditures and enhance service utilization, disparities remain in rural access, quality of care, and financial sustainability. Recommendations emphasize strengthening primary healthcare systems, ensuring fair financing, and adopting context-sensitive policies to promote equitable health outcomes.
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